Combination of means for surveying and navigation.



PATENTED JAN. 14, 11908.

. R. L. STEVENS. COMBINATION OF MEANS FOR SURVEYING AND NAVIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18, 1907.

. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ATTORNE Y.-

I INVEN T012.

PATENTED JAN. 14, 1908.

R. -L..' STEVENS. COMBINATION OF MEANS FOR SURVEYING AND NAVIGATION.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB.'1B, 1907.

Z SHEETS-SHEET 2.

o AN INVENTOR. ww h BY v / ATTORNEY WITNESSES j? ROBERT LIVI COMBINATION OF MEANS FOR NGSTON STEVENS, OF H ARTWELL, OHIO.

SURVEYING AND NAVIGATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 14, 1908.

Application filed February 18. 1907. Serial No. 358.105.

T 0 all 11:72am it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT LIVINGSTON STEVENS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartwell, in the county of Hamilton,'of the State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Combination of hflitllS for Surveying and Navigation, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification. J

My invention relates to very simple and efficient nieans for carrying out my improved art of surveyii'ig and navigation, which means can be contained in very small space,

are comparatively inexpensive considering the objects they attain, and which consist essentially of one or more accurate chronometers or watches, (preferably of the twentyfour hour dial type), withv levels, standards, and a magnetic compass, as in the common vernier compass, with scales ad jaccnt to the same, combined with a gyroscope. The driving power of the mechanism of the watch, or the electric or magnetic driving power of the gyroscope are not shown. By these combinations disposed as hereinafter described with relation to each other, I am enabled to obtain the latitude of, or longitude of any place on the surface of the earth, wherever the observer may happen tobe with one of these instruments in his possession by day or nightor in a closed room.

The novelty of my invention depends on so disposing the watch that it can show simultaneously latitude and longitude, that while so doing it can be placed to act as a perfect compass: nun'eover when sun, star, or gyroscope culminates, it gives the true latitude and longitudefat the same instant, and also by marking the irregular movement (apparent) of the sun, or star under atmospheric conditions, it points out errors of refraction, and when used with a gyroscope, the movement of a star can be followed while in a closed room and the latitude and longitude taken: all of which will be more specifically setforth in the In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1, is a vertical side of an apparatus. for carrying out my invention; Fig. 2, a vertical side at rightangles to Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is a top view of the apparatus; Fig. 4, is a. modification showing the principle of the invention, in another form; Fig. 5, is a gyrosc nection with the watch; Fig. 6, shows the description and claims.

ope-to be used in conlower watch-holding mechanism of Fig. 4; Fig. 7, shows locking mechanism of Fig. 4; Fig. 8, a plan view of part of Fig. 4; Fig. 9, shows a combined pointer and holder; Fig. 10, is a perspective view of the instrument without the gyroscope; Fig.11, is a view of a worm gear and friction drive of watch H. I Fig. 12, shows a simple pointer for a watch; Fig. 1 3, shows the taking of the meridian with combined gyroscope and watch; Fig. 14, shows ahand pointer on the crystal of awatch. Referring to the figures: Fig. 10, is a perspective view of a rectangular equilateral frame, with its top, 1, and vertical sides 4, and 6. This framemay be made of any nonmagnetic material; I have shown it of brass; it may be open or solid, provided it gives the necessary support; all the figures show it open: the feet, 8, 9, 10, (with a fourth not shown) rest upon a square fiat metal sheet 0,

which .is perforated at its center, D, for a pivot, which permits it to turn free horizontally on a board, or any suitable stand, as E, which becomes a turntable. The stand E, is provided with screws for leveling as at 14, 15, 16', (and one corner not shown); or the frame and its plate C, may be placed on a surveyons tripod, or hung level by strings, or linked chains fastened in the four corners of the top, where holes are bored: these strings gathered in a single knot, can hold the instrument clear of the ground, enabling it to swing free, but are not necessary nor shown.

On the top of the frame 1, is azvernier compass A, with clamps and screws for holding it in place, and permitting its removal for cor-" rection shown at 41, 42, 43; this compass has folding or hinged standards, 18, 19; its levels, 20, 21, and magnetic needle N, S, under the standards, but shown more'clearly in Fig. 3. .ln Fig. 10, on the standards 19, is a watch L, pivoted centrally over'thepivot of the magnetic needle, so that the watch (its case, dial, andhands). can move horizontally over the scale of the compass, and this watch L, by means of the standard 19, can be lifted from the compass at any .angle till vertical as shown at L Fig. 13. On the side 4, is shown a twenty-four hour dial watch, H, here supported in a holder K, which holder also acts as a pointer at its extremities, 70, and '71; (though. the watch-case itself can be made in the same form, and-become its own holder and pointer.) similar watch I, with a pointer 60 ofanother form, bored at itsbase Q toreceive a small ()nthe side 6, is shown a pivots of its hands. the side 4 to I segmentals'cale 62 of 47 deg. and which can be divided into two sections of 23 and one half deg. each, which can be set to show the daily declination of the sun, as given in the nautical almanacs or shown by the analeinmas of most globes: this is most clearly shown in Fig. 12! v In Fig. 10, the scales S,Iand ,1, over the watches 1, and-H, are central "to the movement of these watchesytliu szthe,axle, f26, of

the holder K of, the watchfi, islcentral to the p Flhhfax le",26, penetrates ethe' opposites1de?of.,.the frame,

and on the'fen' {of said. fa'xle26,,and directly of Fig. 11, 7 which maybe; provided with a micrometer; the handle fQ'the screW 61, is shown roje'cting beyondjthe? side 6, and its worin'g' mechanism shown in Fig. 1'1., By means of this screw 61,-.the watch. H, with its pointer 'K, is given a rotary moveiiient, the amount of which measured in de 'rees', or in divisions thereof, can be seen on the scale P. By this means together with the rotation of the frame the watch H, and its pointer K, can be directed to any visible object. The watch is shown secured to the pointer K, by clamps;

72, 73, 74,75: these clamps are secured by thumb screws, in this "case enabling the watch to be removed at will, though the watch and its winding apparatus, can easily be constructed for permanent use.

Immediately over the watch H, is a rotractor scale, P, which may or may not e a whole circle; it is here shown as a half scale, the apex of-which, 90 deg, is pointed to the zenith and when set true north and south,

the meridian line; the levels of the compass serveto kee this line and scale true. (What we sha l hereafter call the watch-line,

is the line between the figures 24, and i2,

"two axes are at right angles to eachother.

ofa twenty four hour dial watch, and the line on six and twelve of at welve hour dial.) This watch H, can be moved to any angle;

it can bemost accurately eifectedjbymeans- .of'the pointer K, aided by the worm gear of Fig. 11. All 'the watch-lines, and all the watch hands can be moved in any horizontal 1 direction as well as to any-vertical angle, as

the frame has a horizontal movement on the-center d), while H, has its vertical motionor'i the axle 26, and thus like the equatorial telescope, the watch-line can be pointediat any portion of the heavens, as these oppositethe; fof ll'pis a worm-wheel 49, whichis moved by a screw, 63,

Fig, 1;- shows an elevation of' the side 6, and on it a watch, I pivoted on said side with a nut and screw (not visible). The watchline is set plumb to the level of the compass, '20, 21, and over it a scale S, the center of which is'the ivot ofthe hour and minute hands, and t 'sxpivot is on a line directly under, and'parallel to the plane of the com pass scale,'thejfiwatch I "turning on an axle 'sirnilarto the-axle26, oi Fig. 10, though not so" long; To the ring of the stem of the watch ,is attached a small brass pointer, 60 shown in Fig-12, for S; The axle of the can either be attacheddirectly to the watch case, or a similar holder to K, of watch H, can be used. The watch I can be turned for use on any side of the framewhen turned on the pivot D, but when used on the north side, as its axis can be lined with the'magnetic needle, .or meridian, the hour hand will then travel with the apparent motion of'the sun, and will help direct the stem of the watch L, (Fig. 10), to the true north and south line, as will be hereafter shown. (Figs. 1, 2, and 3, are diagrammatic.)

use in reading the scale ing a twenty-ijour hour dial watch, H, inconjunction with a scale, P, both vertical and plumb to the levels, 20, 21, and the dial of the watch H, is centered on the axle, 26, (Fig. 10) by which the watch-line can be turned to any vertical angle; H, may be aided by the pointer K, here omitted, elsewhere shown.

Fig. 3: is a top view of theframe 1, with a watch L, its hands at Greenwich noon, and pointing directly south; this watch is piv oted centrally over the compass A, its scale and needle on one of the standards, 19, as shown in Fig. 10. As the center of the watch L, is true to the compass scale, it has when moved on its axis, a horizontal movement, and either its hour hand or stem can be pointed at any degree :of the compass scale; thus at six oclock the hour hand of L, can oint over the apex of P, of the watch H,

side 4, carrying the watch H, is parallel to and the watch H, can mark any degree upon it. The standard ofthe compass 19, being hinged, the watch L, can'be raised-from the surface of the compass so that the sunlight and practically coincides with the meridian,

holder of the .watch I, i

Fig. 2. "s an elevation the side 4, showwhile the stem of L, will oint over the apex of the scale S, of watch because the con- 7 sarily follows that the plane of the-vertical .10 as an equatorial circle, this scale 0, 0, is abl v ato l, to fold over the'compass of the two line of the sun Fig. 11. shows a worm gear wheel with worm on axle 26, on the side opposite 4.

as Fig 5, shows a common gyroscope on a 5 side elevation. It stands upon asolid frame, 5 its 103, preferably of wood or brass as it may l It controls the movementof the watch line have a magnetic needle, and levels here in- I of watch H, by the action of the screw 61, on

dicated, and the horizontal scale, can be the toothed Wheel 49, all which parts are either at the foot on the frame, or fastened I fastened to the side of the frame in any suite manner. be rotated by hand when so desired.

-Fig. 12. shows the brass pointer 60, and the sliding declination scale 62 ,"this scale l may also be pivoted on the axis of the watch I here it is simply for illustrative purposes drawn through the base of the pointer; the

altitude can be taken by any pointer either K, or 60, and then moved back to the end of the scale 62, giving the true declination of the zenith to the equator, but all this is unnecessary, as when we know the suns declination from the ephemeris, we simply add it'to the altitude, and the result subtracted or added, (according to the suns position,) to 90 deg. will give us the latitude.

Fig. 13. is a side elevation, similanto Fig. 2, showing the watch H, the pointer K, and the scale P, but in this case the watch L, over the compass is raised true to the p'lumbline, at right angles to its first position: On the compass is placed 'the gyroscope; the object of which. is to hold the sidereal line; (the gyro scope having the well-known function of this line is directly over the center of axle holding a straight line on the axis of its rota- 2'6, and the watch-line. Along this line the I tion, and when pointed at a fixed star, will end 71, is bored with one or more small pin hold this line, showing the rotation of the holes. l/Vhen lined with the sun, the point of 78, casts its shadow, exactly. over the point 79,. and the pin holes give a small 40 round picture of thesun: .To see this the better the end 70, may be covered withwhite paper, ruled to degrees, the better to observe the movement of the sun. \Vhen then the standards of the compass are lined 1 true to the sun, the sun's rays are parallel, the position of the shadow on 70, can be "noted with great accuracy, the sun picture marks about half a degree, the center of which is the exact sun-line. The axle 26, i penetrates K, and is fastened firmly to it; I the screws for holding the clamps ofthel watch are shown at 72, 73, 75. Immediately above the axle 26, K, is cut out, and left open to permit the'scale P, to be seen. This cut may be entirely open, or may have a curved cross-bar 89, lining with the scale P, and on which the. Vernier may be marked. This cross bar at 87, is bored with a small hole, exactly on a line with the pointers 78, 79, and at" 88, is a similar hole to receive a hair or spiders web, wliich will line with the watch-line and the scale P. This scale is preferably polished in order that the re- .flection of the web may true the scale and 05 itself; For when the web is on a line with its tion, I will proceed to describe the method of simply accessory. The center of this gyroscope, is supposed to be on an east and west line with Figs. 1 and 4, and the axis 1 12 ofthe wheel 108, is shown dotted three hours 15 down from the zenith at 45' deg. It shows its first ring' 100, with its axes 105,106, the second ring 101, with axes 110,111; the flywheel-.108, with its axes in ring 103, at 112,113,. The ring 100, shows the scale at 20 0, .45, 90, and the zenith point 90, is shown to be thestaifting point of the axle of the fiy-wheel.

Fig. 9. shows a pointer K, for more accurate work in aiding the watches to take 25 angles. It may be out from thin brass, and

of an convenient length: From it project equal y'two ends at right-angles to its face, 70, 71';- these ends may, or may not be hinged to fold fiat on its face; K is hinged ends of K, one is square, with a small projecting point 79, (Fig. 10). The point of 71, which is 78, is exactly'on a line with 79 and l ters of the rings, being placed immediately over the center of the compass, and by construction over the pivot D, of the plate C. The axle of the fly-wheel is inclined to the supposed to be lined with the sun at its altitude at culmination. On the same line of inclination is shown the watch ll, lined with the sun by the pointer K, and the view is from the west. The gyroscope can be hinged on a standard for removal, and the watch L provided with a scale, M, and a microscope M on the standard, with a permanent pointer on it for reading the scale of the watch L.

The scale M, may be hinged it is here shown solid.

All the watches may have complete scales on their dials and move to permanent pointcrs as L in Fig. 13, to pointer in front of microsco e. Fig. 14. shows a pointer on the crysta of a watch to be used (when a stop I watch is not used) over the second hand to take the second of observation as accurately as possible: It is constructed like the hand over a barometer.

Having thus describeda mechanism capa- This permits the watch H to earth), the centers of the axes and the C6111 ble of carrying out the purposes of my invensouth, 32 deg. altitude, on the N, S line, being using such apparatus, obtained from such use. the user is familiar with the general of astronomy, geographers meridian of the place where matter where it is carried.

and discovered by the inventor,

hands of a twenty four minute, and second be plumb to the equator on the equinox time, the watch watch, and the. star night-on the equator, on the Greenwich me disturb the motion-of shown in Fig. 13,

user of this instrument, latitude and longitude at the same instant from the watch. Thewatch H, being pivoted centrally to the scale P, with its pointer K can be brought op the zenith and t e the oelestia pole would and latitude.

ridian. (The starli line in the celestial sphere, fixed b tronomers as the starting point.)

with reference to the and watch line in a were the sun on the equator, woiiid be 90 less 32, or 58 deg.

north star would rise, when carried north, would express from the e uator;

twenty-four dial call the degrees I hour watch, 15 degs. to the hour; but beside calling the degrees, watch the real angle is shown by the ute and second hands.

always that is identical that longitude the sun asses the local meridian. An 0 server is supposed and show the results It is supposed that principles and particularly the rule of that a clock set at a certain meridian will continue to'tell the time of the it was set, no v This invention is dependent on a rule coincident with this, viz. that with Greenwich solar time, the three watch hour watch (hour, hands) and the line of the watch, and the sunline, can never all at oncethe center of the earth except at the Greenwich meridian, on and with Greenwich sidereal hands and the line of the line can only be together: plumb to the denter-of ,the earth, every midne being an' imaginary theasirst,,the must learn to read osite any degree between horizon; this will not thehands of the watch dial, but places the dial definite position to the scale P, and thus can show latitude; thus H, in Fig. 10, points to an altitude of 32 deg. and the latitude Or conversely reading from the north, every degree the the instrument is latitude in taking the altitude of the celestial pole; this i b the-dotted line 65,.where the user is supposed to have traveled 39 deg.v thewatch line pointed at show, 39 deg. altitude For reading longitude, Greenwich time, every meridian assed over by the 'sun has its set time and thehour hand of a Y watch, consecutively passes our every possible meridian. Thus we can from the time of a twelve by a twenty four hour hour hand further aided to exactness by the min- The watch in this way'becomes a double pointer, the watch line the'altitude of the celestial pole 'th the .observers latitude, and is the Greenwich time when to be on the Greenwich meridian; the time is the equinox, and it is a-dead calm, and the sun is shining; the observer is supposed to .have before him the combined instrument represented b @Figs. 1, 4, 5; the gyroscope and the watc es facing us are lined on an east and west line, and the observer isfacing south; the axle of the wheel-of the gyroscope is pointed at the sun at'mid-d'ay and made to revolve; the watches are started at the: same time, B, H, I, are pointed to the sun in the zenith, while the watch line of L, is pointed south. (The sun for this'day being treatedas: a star,'- and nonotice taken of its movement'on the ecliptic.) As the watch I, faces-the observer, and the motion of its hands is from east to, west';-the hour hands of I, and B, will follow the sun to 'it's setting, whenit will be on the horizon. This will be also true of the axle of the gyrosco e, it will be horizontal with the hour ha'n s of the watches; the wa ch L, having its hands pointed south at t e beginning of this movement will also have its hour hand directly west, thestem of L, being held on the meri ian as a erfect compass as'long as the hour hand of l is pointed at the sun; if then the magnetic'compass had been disturbed by the. presence, of steel or. any other local cause, the variation of the needle could have been noted. During this time the gyroscopic axle has pointed at the sun,

equator,

refraction of the 'atmosphere would hold the sun several 11'11I1' utes late in setting.

In this case the amount of refraction could be marked by holding the hour hand true to the sun, which would move the watch line off the plumb line the amount due to refraction. Three months latter were we in the same locality in mid A summer about June 21, the watch I and the 15 g roscope would have their line of motion a ong tie equator because the gyroscope holds true to the star, and the watch hands are directed. along itsline of motion, but at mid-day. the sun would no longer be on the zenith but 23 and one-half degrees north, and this change of altitude could have been indicatin latitude, while the hour hand traced from day to day by the watch .11, points the distance from the Greenwich meaided by ts pointer K, acting as a small ridian. The user must bear in mind however meridian circle.

There are many Ways of determining lati tude by'this instrument. The meridian can be found as with any transit instrument. First at night by lining the compass hne El. S. with the north star, or for greater ex- .60 one half of the actness, as the north star is one and a quarter degrees from the celestial pole, this'distance should be measured by the horizontal movement of the compass N. S. towards the 5 star Mizar, (the middle star of the handle of the dipper), when both stars have the same altitude, or better when Mizar reaches its culmination, determined by the watch II, by measuring up the one and a quarter degrees from Polaris, and at the same time noting the variation of the compass. Staking this line we have the local meridian and the sun must culminate on this line. The local time of any star can then be taken, and

5 compared with its Greenwich time. Of course the latitude as a consequence is takenat the same time, for when the pole star and Mizar are of thesame altitude, that is the latitude, and it can be measured by either H, orI, refraction being allowed For the meridian, latitude and'longitude, in the day time when the sun is shining, the gyroscope need not be used; nor at 5 night when the stars are shining; to find them I give two illustrations of taking meridian, longitude, and latitude, at the same time. On-a sunny day I assume that I am at Cincinnati, Ohio, and desire to know my location. I see that 'm' proper working order," h y which, I mean that the watchers" are all set to exact Greenwich time, or anyother accepted time in this case we are accepting common solar time. I first place the frame level in such manner'that 'the watch I, directly faces the sun; this disposition, of the frame and watch referred to, brin is the Watch H with its watch-line alongil, in position to be pointed 40 at the'sun. "Now-as the'sun rises, the sun will be found to have a horizontal as well as a vertical movement as regards the instrument:- The horizontal movement can be followed-by lining the standards with the sumaud reading the compass scale to the needle: The pivot D, permits this motion of the instrument; the rate of this motion, which increases till the culmination, can be computed as the standards approach the .50 needle, and experience as to therate of this.

Watch H, till it reaches 25 degrees altitude;

can now stop and wait until the sun culminates and declines to 25 degrees altitude,

and the line on the compass between these two observations will be the meridian, and time occupied by the sun in 1ts 'ourney (between 25 deg. altitude A. M. an 25 deg. altitude P. M.) added to the time of the watch ,at the will give the longitude: of course properly is corrected by the equation of time. But I apparatus is in meridian as the starting point.

continue to observe the sun after it has reached25 deg-in the morning; and, I note that the rising movement rapidly diminishes as the sun approaches the culmination and this is in proportion as the horizontal motion 7 increases, so that the time of culmination can be foretold and noted with great exactness; and noting the time when the sun stops rising I find it to-be 5 hours and 38 minutes from the Greenwich meridian; which means that Cincinnati is 84 deg. and 30 minutes west. I find the altitude of the sun to be 32 deg. for the watch line points this out on the scale P. As this observation is supposed to be taken on the 12 day of 3 November, the almanac gives the suns declension as about 19 deg, this must be added to the altitude to give the celestial equator, and so makes our latitude 39 deg. To prove it we have simply to turnto the north star 35 at night as before shown. The watch then has been so placed that it shows latitude and longitude at the same instant, while other instruments give them separately. With the meridian found the watch L can be set to local tim and still act as a compass. At this time the correction of the magnetic compass can be made, for the culmination took place one degree before the sun crossed the ma netic meridian, for the'95 standards showed the sun line one degree east of the needle when the pointer K, showed the sun at its highest. Had the culmination taken place after crossing the magnetic meridian the correction would have been west. At this time if the hour hand of L is moved to a line with the sun, the Watchline will read on the compass scale 84 deg. and 38 east, which shows that the Green:- wich meridian is that number of degrees east of Cincinnati (as indicated by 140, Fig.

3), and also the true angle. When using a twelve hour dial to show this, or when usin the twelve hour watch as a compass, all the angles of the hour hand with the watch line must be divided by two to show the true angles, and to hold the watch line true to the meridian line when the hour hand is pointed at the sun. When the hour hand of the watch L on the compass takes the me-. ridian line, this can be'used as a new watch line as twenty four oclock, or twelve oclock (of the common watch), for the watch line is as arbitrary as the Greenwich As also the gyroscope may be started on any meridian, but the watclfishould be set to the (r roi scopic merldian time, for use with Mus mstrurnent.

For observation on a'cloudy day, if the it is plain it precisely as the sun and at lts culmination have come to a true north and south line, as shown in Fig. 13,

where the gyroscope is shown pointing an i are shown in either direction.

gyroscope holds a straight line by its mo-' altitude of 32 on that line. This can also be shown by-Fig. 4 using the watch line of B to take the altitude at the culmination, which would show 5 hoursand 38 min. late of Greenwich time. From this it appears that the watch can be treated as a species of gyro scope, when the axis of the stem of the watch (in this case used as the watch line) is directed towards a celestial object which ma be the sun on the equator on the 21 day or March: As sunlight or star light holds a true line to the center of the earth, (disregarding the aralax), when the watch is pointed to this ine at true meridian noon and set going, the

angles made in traveling off this meridian The electric mentum, and shows the revolution of the earth in 24 hours; the small hand'of a 24 hour watch and it's watch line will coincide with such a gyroscope as long as they remain at rest on the equator; but when carried off the meridian the time of culmination of the gyroscope will be changed at the rate ofone hour for every deg. and the difference will be read'on the watch. This would be true for any place on the surface of the earth, and thus location could be told in a closed room,

. as we know northiand south from the com culmination when on the equator, though at this point north and south'have to be known by t pass.

e direction of movement and the com- All observations must be made with correct meridian time, found by adding or subtracting the e nation of time as given in the ephemeris. T e true position of the hour hand must be determinedby the minute and second hands as a limited number of cogs may give it a slighjily-irregular move-. ment. The local'time is most easily used by the learner with a comp ass on watch L. When great accuracy is required a small telescope can be used in place of K, the watch line being used along the line of collimation.

'Fig. 13 shows a form in which the compass, gyroscope, and watch L, can, be removed from the rest of the instrument, and used on a J acobfs staii' as a complete instrument.

' 'The whole apparatus is regarded as in its" generic form, and-subject to any amount of specific variation- To aid in the thorqugh understanding of this invention, Fig. 4 shows a modified tion, I c aim;

construction of Fig. 10, in which one watch, B, is made to assume all the positions ot the watches H, I, L. It is intended to illustrate how the watch lines orthe hour hands of these watches can be made to take every position of the gyroscopic axis. Theirame' 51, and 52, is a suitable stand of brassor other non m'agnetic. material, the base of which is turn'edtrue and of circularform' in order thatits'edges may be marked with a .scale,-simil ar to that of the compass ,A:

may have The watch B, faces the observer who is supposed to be facing south, the stem and hands are ointin to the zenith, and the movements of t e watch hands are directly east and west supposedly on the prime vertical. To the frame 51 isb lted the solid ring 50, at the points 53, and 54; this is similarto the first ring of the gyroscope as in Fig. 5 at 100, and is joined to the second ring 56, by the pivots 55 and 57. At .right angles to 55 and 57, in the ring 56 are two more pivots 58, 59 which join a ring 92, and in this 92, in place of the fly wheel of a gyroscope, is placed a watch, B, ,the bottom holder .of. which, 120, 121, is pivoted at 91 and the stem of the watch by levels and compass as indicated.

means of its catch 123, 124, acts as a-pivot opposite to 91, and enables the watch to face in any direction, as the rings are on axes at right angles, and permit described in connection with Fi 10. The ring 50 is marked with a scale re shown only at 0, 45, 90, and this correspondswith the scales S, Ref 1, and H. The axle 55 cor responds with the axle D, of Fi 10, so that in connection with the scale of t e bottom of frame 51, measurements can be taken in any horizontal direction. Thus it is shown that the watch line of B can be made to assume any positionof the axis of the fly-wheel of the gyroscope.

Flg. 6 is a perspective view of the watch holder 120, 121, of the watchB holding it in place in its ring by the arms which turn on the pivot 91.

. Fig. 7, shows the stem the ring by the catch 123, 124, which works as a hinge at 123 and catches in 92, at 124, holding the round stem 130 in late but allowing 130 to act as an axis with t e holder 120, 121,

1. In combination, a, segmental scale arranged w th its plane vertical, a level arranged to properly set said ,scale, and a watch mdvably mounted adjacent to said scale in sucha position that the hands of the watch ma be used to read latitude and longitude, an stantially as described.

the watch line or hour hand to be pointed in any direction, as

130 of the watch B half penetrating the ring 92, and it is held in 2. In combination a segmental scale 'arranged with its plane vertical, a level ar- .ranged to properly set said scale, and a Watch movably mounted adjacent to said scale in such position that a line drawn from the center of the upon said scale in divisions or fractions thereof, substantially as described.

3. In combination, a compass, means for 'ng the same,

thereto in such a position that the hands of said watch may be used as pointers for the divisions of said compass, substantially as described. I 4. In combination a compass, means for leveling the same, a Watch movably mounted concentric with said compass and adjacent;

for said scale, substantially as described.

6. In combination'a compass, means for levellng the same, a segmental scale arranged With its plane vertical and adjusted by said leveling means, a Watch movably mounted said compass and adjacent concentric' with andadjacent to said comass in such a posit' n that-a line drawn iiom the center of said Watch through its highest number and extended beyond, may

be read upon the divisions of said compass, and a-Watch movably mounted adjacent to said vertical scale in such position that a line drawn from the center of said Watch through its highest number and extended beyond may be read upon the divisions of said scale, substantially as described.

In combination, a compass maintained in a constantly horizontal position to the horizon, a Watch Whose axis is constantly- 'angle s'to the plane of supportedto be rotated both around the axis of its pivot and in ClIClG-fiIOHDd' the axis of the compass, and a second watch the axis of which is at right angles to the axis of the compass, supported to be rotated, and at right angles to said first named watch so as to face and be move celestial object, and to carry the other mechanism with it, and pointers coact, said second named Watch, serving as an auxiliary to the other mechanism, substantially as described.

- ROBERT LIVINGSTON STEVENS. Witnesses:

GEORGE S. BAILY, WM. J. PEGK.

d in the direction of a a scale with which said 

